New Service Launched to Help Customers Offset Shipping

A new service allows customers to calculate and offset the carbon impact of shipping individual packages.

ShipGreen uses a mathematical model to calculate the emissions of individual product shipment using the weight of each item, distance and means of travel, such as road, rail or air.

Similar services, the company claims, rely on flat rates or averages of all shipped products to calculate emissions figures and offset amount.

The service is geared toward online retailers, which can put a ShipGreen link on their websites that calculate of offset shipping. The ShipGreen service is free of charge for retailers.

During checkout, customers can choose an offset type, such as a wind, solar or forestry project. The company focuses on projects that are independently verified by third parties.

Projects include a hydropower plant in Indonesia, wind projects in Madagascar and New Zealand, a biomass facility in India, and a reforestation project in China.

ShipGreen co-founders Jason Sperling and Tim Buchanan also helped create the Prairie Tree Project in eastern Colorado, an afforestation venture that allows consumers personal offsets. The project also helps business audit their carbon footprints.

Arpad Horwath and Cristiano Facanha from the University of California, Berkeley, partnered with ShipGreen to create the emissions calculation model.

from: Climatebiz.com

BeGreen: Carbon calculator

We all contribute to global warming when we do things like heat and cool our homes, drive our cars, and fly on airplanes. The good news? BeGreen empowers you to take an active role in neutralizing your carbon emissions and reducing your impact on global warming. Simply follow our tips to begin decreasing the energy you use each day, and offset the rest of your carbon-emitting energy use through our easy-to-use carbon calculator and BeGreen Carbon Offsets. Once you do, tell the planet (or at least a few friends). Together we can make a world of difference, but we need your help. So go ahead and be green, now.

Go to Carbon Calculator: http://www.begreennow.com/calculator

Links: Carbon Footprint Calculators, Other Calculators & Carbon Offsets

Environmental Defense PaperCalculator - Calculate the environmental impact of the paper products you use.

The Carbon Diet - Track your carbon footprint every day and compare your footprint with those of your friends.

NativeEnergy - Carbon offsets and a travel carbon calculator.

The Nature Conservancy Carbon Calculator - Another carbon footprint calculator.

BeGreen - A carbon calculator and information resource that also offers carbon offsets.

zerofootprint - Helping individuals, organizations, and cities reduce their environmental impact (their goal is to get 1,000,000 people pledging to reduce their environmental footprint by 10% in one year).

Yahoo! Green Carbon Footprint Calculator - Another carbon footprint calculator.

Ecological Footprint Quiz - Find out how much “nature” your lifestyle requires.

terrapass - A carbon offset company that has an emissions calculator.

50 Ways to Green Your Business - Part V

41 From the department of small moves: This holiday season, Gap Inc. (NYSE:GPS) debuts gift cards made from recycled plastic. And next spring, its Gap and Banana Republic brands will convert their price tags to 100% post-consumer recycled material. It's not exactly retooling an entire soccer-mom wardrobe into sustainable organic cotton, but it does add up: Gap price tags alone account for 10 tons of paper.

42 Looking to create a computer-industry equivalent of LEED certification, the EPA in 2006 created EPEAT, the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool, which rates the "greenness" of computers for large-scale buyers based on 51 criteria such as energy use and amount and types of plastics. Since it began, the program has rated more than 600 computers from 23 companies, which voluntarily submit their products for review. Early adopters include Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL), Dell, HP (NYSE:HPQ), and Lenovo.

43 Last year, U.S. sales of organic food increased 22% to $17 billion, but still accounted for only 3% of all food and beverage sales. To better understand this burgeoning market and the challenges faced by organic farmers, Wegmans supermarkets this year started a 50-acre organic research farm just outside of Rochester, New York. Starting small with just potatoes and tomatoes, the company hopes to develop best practices (read: cost-efficient as well as healthy) for organic farming in the Northeast. Once it gets it figured out, Wegmans hopes to share its findings with the 800 farmers who supply its stores.

44 Wal-Mart is the champ when it comes to twisting suppliers' arms to boost their sustainability efforts (and efficiency). Increasingly, other companies are doing the same--most recently Marriott, which announced it will be scrutinizing everything from its duvets to its shampoos. In true Wal-Mart fashion, suppliers that don't make the grade may end up out on the street.

45 Federal laws on greenhouse-gas emissions are inevitable, so let's get on with it already! That's the logic behind the United States Climate Action Partnership, a big-biz coalition pushing for federal standards. Notably, USCAP includes companies with mixed eco-cred--BP, Rio Tinto, GM (NYSE:GM) --as well as green stalwarts such as Environmental Defense and the Nature Conservancy. Its goals include a mandatory 60% to 80% cut in emissions by 2050 and a uniform nationwide market free of the current patchwork of state regulations. Oh, and fiscal incentives for new technology--a big opportunity for firms like GE, whose CEO Jeff Immelt led the effort to launch USCAP.

46 Another kind of network is sprouting in an old lamp factory in Chicago as Baum Development unveils the Green Exchange, a 250,000-square-foot retail and office space reserved exclusively for green companies. Billed as the country's first "green business community," the development's concept is that proximity will foster the exchange of ideas. Set to open in Fall 2008, the building is already 40% leased, with tenants including an electric-car dealer, energy consultants, and even a green pet-supply store.

47 Before Rick Rubin agreed to run Columbia Records, he made some unorthodox demands: He wouldn't wear a suit, travel, or have a corporate office. He also got Columbia to agree to eliminate plastic jewel cases from CD packaging. Pushing a green agenda during contract negotiations is rare--but maybe not for long. Both Jack Johnson and Pearl Jam have green requirements in their venue riders. How long until an enlightened CEO candidate makes eco-initiatives more important than access to a corporate jet?

48 In 2003, the tiny Presidio School of Management in San Francisco launched an MBA program in sustainable management. So far, only 56 students have walked away with green diplomas, but with 200 clocking in this fall, Presidio is heating up--and preparing for the onslaught of recruiters.

49 On the subject of hiring: Companies everywhere are suddenly clamoring to snag a vice president of sustainability. Or a director of environmental affairs. Someone whose job is to understand the environmental impact of the company and look for ways to turn it inside out. (Why aren't you using your empty roof to generate solar power, anyway?) Ten years ago, the job essentially didn't exist. But in the last two years, it has become common across a startling variety of industries. Starbucks (NASDAQ:SBUX) has one. Ford too. Also Airbus, Albertson's, Alcoa, Alaska Airlines, and Anheuser-Busch (NYSE:BUD). Dow Chemical and DuPont have even given the position C-level heft--chief sustainability officer.

50 Visit your blog daily

50 Ways to Green Your Business - Part IV

31 One initial problem with Staples' new emphasis on recycled paper: less durable products. The solution? Reinvent paper. The company's hanging file folders now include 50% regenerated cotton (aka "denim"), and its "carbon neutral" notebook paper is 90% bagasse, a sugarcane by-product the company buys from Argentine farmers who would otherwise burn the spent cane, polluting their own communities.

32 Talk about turning garbage into a useful resource: The University of New Hampshire signed a deal this year with Waste Management Inc. to get 80% to 85% of the power and heat for its 14,000-student campus, using methane piped in from a nearby landfill. UNH must build a 12.7-mile pipeline to carry the gas, but the $45 million project is expected to save enough to pay for itself in 10 years.

33 Take the foodie trend of consuming only locally grown products and apply it to sportswear: That's what Nike (NYSE:NKE) has done with its Considered line. The company has committed to sourcing as much of the products' raw materials as possible--recycled polyester and rubber, organic cotton, hemp--from within 200 miles of the factory, cutting the environmental and financial costs of transportation. Of course, the finished goods still have a long trip to market; the Considered line is made in China and Thailand.

34 If flying is the new smoking, fractional jet companies are the eco-equivalent of Philip Morris. But this fall, Warren Buffett's NetJets begins hitting its clients with a healthy dose of guilt serum: $5,000 extra a year, to pay for carbon offsets.

35 Surfers are generally pro-environment; their petrochemical-based gear is not. Patagonia is looking to change that. Its latest wet suit is made of Japanese neoprene, unbleached New Zealand merino wool, and PVC-free kneepads; and it uses 80% less petroleum than its competitors. Better yet (for surfers), at 3 millimeters thick, it produces the same warmth typically associated with 5 millimeters.

36 Emissions aren't the only enviro-scourge of the air-travel industry. U.S. airlines throw away enough aluminum cans every year to build 58 new 747s. At the urging of its own flight attendants, Delta Air Lines (NYSE:DAL) launched an on-board recycling program this past summer in a few of its hubs. In the first three months, flight attendants, who sorted cans, newspapers, and plastic, collected 60 tons of recyclables. The program will expand to all domestic flights by the end of 2008.

37 Not content to confine its green efforts to recycling, Delta has also become the first U.S. airline to offer its passengers carbon offsets for their trips at the same time that they buy their tickets. The offsets--available only at Delta.com--cost $5.50 per roundtrip domestic ticket, and the money goes to the Conservation Fund's Go Zero program.

38 Paper or plastic? The unsatisfying answer is neither. Retailers including Ikea and Trader Joe's sell heavy-duty polypropylene sacks designed to be reused. But how do you get convenience-obsessed American shoppers actually to use them again? Timberland's (NYSE:TBL) "Trash Is My Bag" totes (made from recycled plastic bottles) cost $5.50 each or come free with a $100 purchase; to encourage reuse--and more shopping at Timberland--each bag doubles as a 10%-off coupon through the end of 2008.

39 Speaking of reuse, Target (NYSE:TGT) has slashed its waste by 70%. The company has applied its signature craftiness to taking advantage of every opportunity to recycle. Last year, it recycled or refurbished 47,600 broken shopping carts, 2.1 million pounds of broken plastic hangers, 4.3 million pounds of shrink-wrap from distribution centers, and more than 10,000 pounds of rechargeable batteries.

40 Knocking down drywall and rebuilding the office every time your workforce shifts doesn't exactly square with running a sustainable business. Enter Steelcase's (NYSE:SCS) new Pathways Privacy Wall, a 10-foot-high steel-frame reconfigurable wall that also happens to be the first of its kind that's "cradle-to-cradle" certified--meaning the entire structure can be economically (and easily) disassembled into component materials for recycling. What's more, it contains 30% recycled materials to begin with.

From: Fast Company

50 Ways to Green Your Business - Part II

11 Ford (NYSE:F) has sped up its painting process with technology that applies all three coats in one go, eliminating the need for the costly and energy-sucking drying equipment used between coats. In the process, Ford will reduce CO2 emissions from production by 15% and volatile organic compound emissions by 10%. More important (for the bottom line), the process will save $7 per car by reducing painting time by 20%.

12 Fox has redefined eco-boom on the set of 24, switching from regular fuel to renewable-source biodiesel to feed the show's many explosions and car-chase scenes. 24 uses more than 5,000 gallons of fuel a month, and the switch hasn't increased costs.

13 In a bid to shame lead-foot drivers, next year Fiat will roll out EcoDrive, a program developed by Microsoft (NASDAQ:MSFT). The system records performance data, such as CO2 emissions and fuel consumption, onto a USB key. Plug the key into a PC, and the program will analyze the data and provide driving tips to lower emissions.

14 Finally, something to do with skunked beer: In a partnership with Colorado engineering firm Merrick & Co., Coors produces 3 million gallons of ethanol a year by distilling waste beer. The brewery sells 200-proof ethanol to Valero Energy to be distributed at gas stations in Colorado. The program has been so successful that Coors doubled its capacity by building a $2.3 million facility in 2005.

15 This October, the Sierra Nevada Brewery in notorious party town Chico, California, installed a 250-kilowatt fuel-cell power unit and officially dropped off the grid. Drunk with power (energy efficiency is expected to be double what it was getting from Pacific Gas & Electric), the brewery plans to sell the surplus wattage back to the electric company.

16 Let there be less light! That was the conclusion of an energy audit at the Hong Kong headquarters of Star TV, News Corp.'s Asian broadcasting subsidiary, which found that by removing one out of every three fluorescent tube lights--about 1,300 in all--it would trim its CO2 emissions by 18,000 pounds a year.

17 Used to be, a 55-gallon drum full of silicon wafers unsuitable for computers sold for a paltry $100. But as the solar-power industry has taken off, those same chips now have real value; they work fine in solar cells. Today, chip makers are scrambling into a new market valued at $750 million. This year, Texas Instruments alone will sell about 1 million scrap wafers for $8 million. By reusing the silicon, TI estimates it has eliminated 15 million pounds of CO2 emissions and saved 3.7 million watts of electric power since the program began.

18 The hot zone in any office is the server room, where the ceiling-high racks of computers generate constant heat. The water that chills the rooms by absorbing heat is usually sent to cooling towers to evaporate. At Intel (NASDAQ:INTC) 's newest data center, in Haifa, Israel, the hot water will instead be recycled to warm the building in winter and to heat the showers in the gym year-round.

19 By 2009, the cost of powering and cooling data centers will eclipse the cost of the servers themselves. Hence IBM's (NYSE:IBM) Project Big Green, a billion-dollar-a-year investment in technology to double the efficiency of servers that currently can run at only 30% capacity--a move that could save clients 40% in IT-power costs.

20 Few things scream "waste" as loudly as the plastic containers you fill at salad bars. Even Whole Foods Market (NASDAQ:WFMI) used them--until this spring, when it replaced them with ones made of sugar-cane waste. Salad containers have a useful life of about 35 minutes, but the plastic ones have an actual life of thousands of years; the new ones decompose in about 90 days.

From Fast Company

50 Ways to Green Your Business - Part I

Imagine asking today how the Internet affects business. It's an absurd question, like asking how electricity changed business. Asking the same about sustainability, it turns out, is equally absurd. Like the Internet, sustainability spurs innovation in everything, from how you see your business model to whether you see your employees (why not let them work at home more?). Here are our favorite ways companies today are greening up--and saving money and making better widgets in the process.

1 At $100 a ton, feeding a landfill is pricey. But in the past two years, General Mills (NYSE:GIS) has turned its solid waste into profits. Take its oat hulls, a Cheerios by-product. The company used to pay to have them hauled off, but realized they could be burned as fuel. Now customers compete to buy the stuff. In 2006, General Mills recycled 86% of its solid waste, earning more from that than it spent on disposal.

2 Moore's Law is great for producing speedier devices, but it's hell on the environment. According to Greenpeace, demand for new technology creates 4,000 tons of e-waste an hour, which often ends up on dead-hardware mountains in India, Africa, and China. Enter take-back programs, in which customers return spent technology to manufacturers, who recycle the parts for new gadgets. The United States has long lagged behind many European nations, which mandate the programs, but that's finally changing. Dell (NASDAQ:DELL) is leading the way. Last year, the PC maker recovered 40,000 tons of unwanted equipment for recycling, up 93% from 2005.

3 Trains were already the cleanest way to move massive amounts of freight long distances, but General Electric (NYSE:GE) raised the game with its Evolution locomotives, diesel engines launched in 2005 that cut fuel consumption by 5% and emissions by 40% compared to locomotives built just a year earlier. Up next, a triumph of sheer coolness: a GE hybrid diesel-electric locomotive that, just like your Prius, captures energy from braking and will improve mileage another 10%. According to GE, the energy dissipated in braking a 207-ton locomotive during the course of a year is enough to power 160 homes for the same period.

4 Not to be outdone in the freight game, Wal-Mart (NYSE:WMT) is providing funding to the biggest truck manufacturers--ArvinMeritor, Eaton, International, and Peterbilt--to develop the first heavy-duty diesel-hybrid 18-wheeler. Wal-Mart, which operates the second-largest truck fleet in the country, will test the prototypes next year.

5 Austin-based concert promoter C3 Presents made news when it banned Styrofoam cups from the sixth annual Austin City Limits Music Festival this year. Beneath the quick-hit media pop was a deeper story: Following the model the company created for Lollapalooza, C3 took a holistic approach to greening nearly every aspect of ACL, from bamboo-based concert T-shirts to gel sanitizer in the bathrooms to bio-diesel power generators.

6 It's not just hippies making the special-events world eco-friendly. The Philadelphia Eagles claim to be the greenest team in the NFL--and not just because of the color of its jerseys. Starting this season, the team's "Go Green" environmental campaign has its stadium cleaning crew making two full sweeps after each game--one to pick up recyclables and another for trash.

7 First we counted calories, then carbs. Now it's carbon, as retailers introduce product labels that encourage customers to weigh their eco-sins. The most ambitious: British grocery giant Tesco, which has a program to label all 70,000 of its products with carbon breakdowns.

8 Hamburger Helper helps your hamburger … save the planet? This year, General Mills redesigned the packaging of Mom's old standby, shaving off 20% of the paperboard box without shrinking its tasty contents. The astounding result: 500 fewer distribution trucks on the road each year.

9 Another recent player in the un-supersize movement, Unilever (NYSE:UL), reconfigured the plastic bottles for its billion-dollar Suave shampoo brand, saving plastic equivalent to some 15 million bottles a year.

10 Taking the packaging revolution a step further, the liquid-laundry-detergent industry, goaded by Wal-Mart, has cut the size of its bottles by 50% or more by concentrating the liquid to two and sometimes three degrees of magnitude. Unilever's triple-concentrated All Small & Mighty detergent has saved 1.3 million gallons of diesel fuel, 10 million pounds of plastic resin, and 80 million square feet of cardboard since 2005. This fall, Procter & Gamble (NYSE:PG) is converting its entire collection of liquids to double concentration.

Dell Announces Plans To Become Greenest Of Them All

IN A STATEMENT FROM LONDON to mark World Environment Day, Dell Inc. CEO Michael Dell announced bold initiatives that aim to make Dell the greenest technology company on the planet.
Dell announced a Zero Carbon Initiative for the long term, and committed to reducing its global carbon intensity by 15% by 2012. The company also announced the extension of its "Plant a Tree for Me" program, which donates trees to offset the carbon impact of the production of electricity used to power computers and equipment to Europe.
In addition, Michael Dell asked customers to submit their ideas for how to build "the greenest PC on the planet" via its extremely popular IdeaStorm online community, where customers post their ideas about products, vote on them and discuss them with other users. Ideas will be collected on IdeaStorm through June 26, and the submitters of the five best ideas will have a $1,000 donation made in their names to the non-profit environmental organization of their choice.
"Our goal is simple and clear," Michael Dell says. "We'll take the lead in setting an environmental standard for our industry that will reflect our partnership with, and direct feedback from, our customers, suppliers and stakeholders, and we intend to maintain that leadership."
Dell's announcement follows a period of increased scrutiny on the environmental practices of the tech industry, highlighted by the April edition of Greenpeace's "Green Ranking" report of the technology industry. Dell ranked fourth in that report; Lenovo ranked first, and Apple ranked last--although Apple Inc.'s CEO Steve Jobs recently has made a public commitment to bringing Apple's environmental practices in line.
Greenpeace has had a reasonably favorable opinion of Dell throughout its tracking of the technology industry. Dell is the only company in the industry to offer free recycling for any Dell-branded product at any time, anywhere in the world, a model Greenpeace has urged other technology companies to emulate.
Other environmentally conscious policies include its commitment made in 2006 Dell to phasing out the worst toxic substances from their product ranges by 2009, as well as its Energy Smart-configured line of products that meet the latest Energy Star 4.0 requirements.

From: MarketingDaily

What's the Carbon Footprint of a Banner Ad?

The carbon footprint of a banner ad? Damned if I know, but read on for a few clues.
I had an interesting interview with Don Carli, research fellow at the non-profit Institute for Sustainable Communications (ISC).

Carli's a veteran tech analyst who's been working with the print industry on ways to measure the so-called "carbon footprint" of its activities. A carbon footprint is a measure of the impact human activities have on the environment, specifically, the amount of green house gases produced, measured in units of carbon dioxide.

Carli's been looking at print because it leaves such a recognizable footprint, but he says digital publishers are hardly free of environmental responsibility.

"It is wrongheaded to assume that the use of digital media is without environmental impact," said Carli. "In addition to problems with e-waste disposal, much of the energy used to power and cool data centers and ISPs comes from coal-fired power plants. Keeping a megabyte of data alive on the grid and moving it from server to server means that somewhere puffs of CO2 are being released into the atmosphere to make it possible."

In April the U.S. Supreme Court ruled CO2 (carbon dioxide) is a pollutant giving the Environmental Protection Agency the legal right to regulate emissions from new cars.
We're not talking about cars here, but there's little doubt CO2 emissions faces greater regulation going forward. Carli argues that even some of the most environmentally responsible companies don't do enough to reduce their carbon footprint because they largely ignore their supply chain.
"Does a big digital publisher have a say over how a [third party] data center operates?" Carli said today that the answer is no, but that could change in the future.

He's looking to work with groups like The Green Grid and funding from ad agencies and other groups to quantify just what computing resources are used to generate ads, content and e-mail.
"I'm encouraged," said Carli. "I've got calls from four different interactive agencies who want to be able to calculate the carbon footprint of ads."

The idea is that ad agencies and publishers would see value in promoting themselves as certifiably carbon neutral through some kind of offset program they pay into. Carli said those funds would be invested in ways to re-engineer the supply chain.

The ISC walks at least a bit of the talk; its Web site is hosted by solar-powered Aiso.net, which I wrote about a few weeks ago.

Ad "Lock Ups" in Web's future?
Imagine you're watching a video on the Web of some innocuous fare like the latest attempt to break the record for eating hot dogs. The judges are just about to announce the winner when an animated remote control pops up, freezes the screen and a new video narration is super-imposed to remind you of other "great" shows you can watch. Finally, the screen is restored and you finish watching the show.

If you think this is far-fetched, you haven't been watching the TBS cable TV channel, which has taken the "pop-up" ad to a new low; I'm calling them "lock-up" ads.

I was watching a rerun of "Everybody Loves Raymond" when just such a virtual remote appeared in the hand of someone named Bill Engvall. Bill started yakking over the frozen image of "Raymond" to promote the debut of his new comedy sitcom (btw, trust me I saw the show; you're better off sticking to "Raymond" reruns). After his spiel Bill was nice enough to let me see the end of show I thought I was watching.

I should add that TBS didn't freeze "Raymond" until after a pop-up ad for Envall's show had already been super-imposed on the screen for a while. Someone in the network must have decided taking up part of the screen (the traditional print ad model) just wasn't enough. Instead, TBS went ahead with an abrupt lock-up, forcing viewers to watch and wait out the ad to see the end of the show. Brilliant.

TV advertisers face a lot of challenges in this age of TiVo, but this is not the answer. Let's hope this innovation doesn't make it to the Web.

From: internetnews

Going Green

In different lexicons, "green" means different things. In business terms, we think profits. In environmental terms, sustainability. But today, the term green is just as applicable to dollars as it is to saving the environment. That's because environmental sustainability, once little more than a moral incentive for companies, is now an imperative to doing business. And that means it's an imperative for IT too.

Regardless of environmental impact, data center efficiency is one of the most prominent issues on the CIO's radar right now. Gartner estimates that most large IT orgs spend 5% of their total IT budgets on energy, a figure that could increase by two or three times within the next five years. But while the data center eats away at the green (environmental sustainability and profits alike), it's only one of the environmental challenges facing IT. It's also not the only place IT can have an impact on the company's environmental sustainability.

In fact, Gartner says that the CIO is in a unique position when it comes to environmental initiatives. While carbon emissions from the data center and toxic substances, such as cadmium and lead from e-waste, add to environmental problems, IT also has a chance to have a direct impact on environmental wellbeing. Through limiting those carbon emissions, launching e-cycling initiatives, utilizing virtualization and using BI tools to manage environmental compliance information, for instance, IT is actually in a position to have a huge impact on the overall sustainability of the company.

My new Green IT blog for CIO.com will address the environmental issues facing IT, the reasons why such issues can't be ignored, and how addressing them can actually help your company's bottom line.

What are some of the environmental issues facing your IT department? And what are some of the ways IT is helping environmental sustainability at your company? Let the discussion begin.

From: Cio.com

New Web Tool Makes Carbon-Neutral Buildings Easier

Green Building Studio Inc. recently launched a beta program to help architects virtually assess a building's carbon neutrality. Green Building Studio V3.0 is an updated web service that is geared toward the designers of carbon neutral buildings. Its carbon neutral building check can predict the feasibility of a building reaching carbon neutral status using local grid emission data.

The service can compute a building's U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ENERGY STAR score or Architecture 2030 targets. The potential for use of a photovoltaic and wind energy generation at a given building can be analyzed, as well as PV potential for every building surface.

Architects, building owners and designers can perform a water use analysis to estimate water needs, efficiency savings, potential for rain capture and LEED credits.

The service also can peg the LEED Glaze factor for any room with lighting control energy savings. It's also possible to gauge whether a building is a good candidate for a natural ventilation strategy.

The web service was developed to create a whole building energy analysis linked to the design team’s CAD systems, cutting out the cost and time needed to perform energy modeling.

From: Greenerbuilding